“You shall be the father of a multitude of nations” (Gen. 17:5), and promised that Abraham’s descendants would be as numberless as the stars (Gen. 22:17), He meant not merely that Isaac, Ishmael, Jacob, and Esau were to have many descendants. The thought here is spiritual and cosmic, not narrowly national. God meant that all earth’s families were to be blessed in Abraham (Gen. 12:3) and that all nations were to look to him as their father. That is why St. Paul characterizes God’s promise to Abraham
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